The Spring MVC Test framework provides first class JUnit support for testing client and server-side Spring MVC code through a fluent API. Typically it loads the actual Spring configuration through theTestContext framework and always uses the
DispatcherServlet
to process requests thus approximating full integration tests without requiring a running Servlet container.
Spring MVC 测试框架本来是一个独立的项目,由于发展的很好,早已合并到Spring Framework 3.2 里了,测试框架提供了很好的API来测试客户端和服务端的Spring MVC代码, 本文以两个例子讲述了服务端的测试,闲话少说,让我们边看例子边学习。
目录
Getting Ready
Example
Reference Class
Unit Test
Integration Testing
总结
Troubleshooting
参考
Getting Ready
测试相关Maven dependency如下:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId> <version>1.9.5</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
关于Spring项目的一些依赖如(spring-context, spring-web, spring-webmvc, spring-beans),这里就不列举了
Example
Reference Class
Controller 如下:
@Controller @RequestMapping("/") public class DemoController { @Autowired private TestProjectService testProjectService; @RequestMapping(value = "jsonCompare", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public List<FieldComparisonFailure> jsonCompare(@RequestParam("expect") String expect, @RequestParam("actual") String actual, ModelMap model, HttpSession session) { List<FieldComparisonFailure> list = testProjectService.compare(expect, actual); return list; } }
FieldComparisonFailure类如下
/** * Models a failure when comparing two fields. */ public class FieldComparisonFailure { private final String field; private final Object expected; private final Object actual; public FieldComparisonFailure(String field, Object expected, Object actual) { this.field = field; this.expected = expected; this.actual = actual; } public String getField() { return field; } public Object getExpected() { return expected; } public Object getActual() { return actual; } }
TestProjectService接口如下:
public interface TestProjectService { public List<FieldComparisonFailure> compare(String expect, String actual); }
TestProjectServiceImpl 具体实现是比较两个Json字符串 返回一个List
@Service public class TestProjectServiceImpl implements TestProjectService { @Override public List<FieldComparisonFailure> compare(String expect, String actual) { Comparator comparator = new Comparator(); List<FieldComparisonFailure> list = new ArrayList<FieldComparisonFailure>(); try { list = comparator.compare(expect, actual); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return list; } }
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html
Unit Test
首先来看一个独立的单元测试方式, 这个例子用Mockito 模拟service层以便隔离controller的测试。
package com.wadeshop.controller; import static org.mockito.Mockito.when; import static org.mockito.Mockito.times; import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify; import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content; import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.mockito.InjectMocks; import org.mockito.Mock; import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders; import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList; import com.wadeshop.service.TestProjectService; import com.wadeshop.entity.FieldComparisonFailure; public class DemoControllerTest_mock { @Mock private TestProjectService testProjectService; @InjectMocks private DemoController demoController; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void setup() { // initialize mock object MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); // Setup Spring test in standalone mode this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(demoController).build(); } @Test public void test() throws Exception { //prepare test data FieldComparisonFailure e1 = new FieldComparisonFailure("Number", "3", "4"); FieldComparisonFailure e2 = new FieldComparisonFailure("Number", "1", "2"); //actually parameter haven't use, service was mocked String expect = ""; String actual = ""; //Sets a return value to be returned when the method is called when(testProjectService.compare(expect, actual)).thenReturn(ImmutableList.of(e1, e2)); //construct http request and expect response this.mockMvc .perform(post("/jsonCompare") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .param("actual", actual) .param("expect", expect)) .andDo(print()) //print request and response to Console .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(2))) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].field").value("Number")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].expected").value("3")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].actual").value("4")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].field").value("Number")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].expected").value("1")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].actual").value("2")); //verify Interactions with any mock verify(testProjectService, times(1)).compare(expect, actual); verifyNoMoreInteractions(testProjectService); } }
@Mock: 需要被Mock的对象
@InjectMocks: 需要将Mock对象注入的对象, 此处就是Controller
Before test
初始化Mock对象, 通过MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup模拟一个Mvc测试环境,注入controller, 通过build得到一个MockMvc, 后面就用MockMvc的一些API做测试。
这不是真实的Spring MVC环境,如果要模拟真实环境需要用 MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build(), 见下文。
测试方法里面需要构建测试数据,mock service调用方法,返回一个ImmutableList (google-collections 谷歌的集合库)
然后构造http请求并且传入参数执行, 最后断言验证期望结果, 关于JsonPath的使用请参考http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/
运行
andDo(print()) 打印到控制台的信息如下
MockHttpServletRequest: HTTP Method = POST Request URI = /jsonCompare Parameters = {actual=[], expect=[]} Headers = {Accept=[application/json]} Handler: Type = com.wadeshop.controller.DemoController Async: Was async started = false Async result = null Resolved Exception: Type = null ModelAndView: View name = null View = null Model = null FlashMap: MockHttpServletResponse: Status = 200 Error message = null Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]} Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8 Body = [{"field":"Number","actual":"4","expected":"3"},{"field":"Number","actual":"2","expected":"1"}] Forwarded URL = null Redirected URL = null Cookies = []
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html
Integration Testing
再来看集成Web环境方式, 这次仍然使用Spring MVC Test 但还需要加载 WebApplicationContext
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders; import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp") @ContextConfiguration("file:src/main/resources/applicationContext.xml") public class DemoControllerTest { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext wac; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void setUp() { mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); } @Test public void test() throws Exception { String actual = "{\"orderNumber\": \"4955\",\"orderVersion\": \"1\"}"; String expect = "{\"orderNumber\": \"4956\",\"orderVersion\": \"1\"}"; this.mockMvc .perform(post("/jsonCompare") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .param("actual", actual) .param("expect", expect)) .andDo(print()) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(1))) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].field").value("orderNumber")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].actual").value("4955")) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].expected").value("4956")); } }
@RunWith: 告诉Junit使用 Spring-Test 框架, 允许加载web 应用程序上下文。
@WebAppConfiguration: 表明该类会使用web应用程序的默认根目录来载入ApplicationContext, value = "src/main/webapp" 可以不填,默认此目录
@ContextConfiguration: 指定需要加载的spring配置文件的地址 ("file:src/main/resources/applicationContext.xml")
@Autowired WebApplicationContext wac:注入web环境的ApplicationContext容器;
使用MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build()来创建一个MockMvc进行测试, 此为模拟真实的Spring MVC环境
测试过程和前面一个例子大体相似,唯一的区别就是,这次传入的是真实的参数,调用真实的service取得返回值。
运行时间比较长
控制台信息
MockHttpServletRequest: HTTP Method = POST Request URI = /jsonCompare Parameters = {actual=[{"orderNumber": "4955","orderVersion": "1"}], expect=[{"orderNumber": "4956","orderVersion": "1"}]} Headers = {Accept=[application/json]} Handler: Type = com.wadeshop.controller.DemoController Async: Was async started = false Async result = null Resolved Exception: Type = null ModelAndView: View name = null View = null Model = null FlashMap: MockHttpServletResponse: Status = 200 Error message = null Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json]} Content type = application/json Body = [{"field":"orderNumber","actual":"4955","expected":"4956"}] Forwarded URL = null Redirected URL = null Cookies = []
从上面的例子来看集成测试Spring MVC controller是不是也很简单, 稍微配置一下就行了。
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html
总结
单元测试过程无非就这三部曲:
- 准备 (测试环境,测试数据)
- 执行 (构造请求传入参数执行)
- 断言 (验证结果)
Troubleshooting
如果发现一些NoClassDefFoundError, 估计依赖的jar版本太旧了。
import 哪些类不要弄错了,有些需要static import, IDE工具不一定会提示导入
参考
MVC测试框架更多的API请参考这篇博客:http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2004660
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